The Department of Welfare, established under Chapter 11 of the 1954 Home Rule Charter, administered the City’s welfare programs, including supervising and operating Milne Boys Home (closed 1986), Sophie L. Gumbel Home (1918-1962), Touro Shakspeare Home (1933-2005), and later the Youth Study Center, a juvenile detention facility opened in 1959. These institutions largely began as asylums or almshouses for orphaned or indigent individuals, funded through bequests associated with their namesakes. In 1996, the Department of Welfare was renamed the Department of Human Services through an amendment to the Home Rule Charter.